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creatine enhances steroids? Creatine is a myostatin blocker? Interesting....

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Study 1
HMB Proved More Effective than Leucine in Inhibiting Protein Degradation


Protein plays a significant role in building muscles. However, protein degradation may occur in skeletal muscle and lead to muscle atrophy and death, which highlights the urgent need to develop more effective therapies to inhibit protein degradation and combat muscle atrophy.
β-hydroxy-β-methyl- butyrate (HMB) is a key metabolite of leucine. Previous studies have shown that both HMB and leucine can inhibit muscular protein degradation.
However, questions about which one is more effective, whether insulin contributes to the antiatrophic effects of HMB and leucine, and what the underlying mechanism is still remain unknown.
Recently, using a starvation model, researchers from China Agricultural University and the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture (ISA) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences compared the effects of leucine (within a range that is physiologically relevant) and HMB on protein degradation in order to examine the underlying mechanisms and assess the contribution of insulin in protein analytic response to HMB and leucine.
The researchers found that the inhibitory effect of HMB was more potent than that of Leu and KIC, and was significantly abolished in the presence of LY294002 and rapamycin.
In the presence of insulin, the inhibitory effect of HMB was still more effective than that of Leu and KIC. Interestingly, LY294002 treatment markedly attenuated the effect of HMB, while rapamycin treatment failed to exert the same effect.
Overall, HMB appears to be more potent than leucine in inhibiting protein degradation in the absence or presence of insulin, and this inhibitory effect may depend on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regardless of insulin.
mTOR signaling was only involved in the effect of HMB in the absence of insulin.
The study entitled "β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyrate is more potent than leucine in inhibiting starvation-induced protein degradation in C2C12 myotubes" was published in The chemical sports world waits with baited breath for the arrival of myostatin blockers: new muscle strengthening substances that sabotage the protein myostatin in muscle tissue, and thereby boost muscle build up. According to a human study in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, a supplement that works in exactly this way has been available for years. If we're to believe this study, good old creatine is a myostatin blocker.

The authors of the study are sports scientists at Arak University in Iran. They wanted to know exactly how creatine [chemical structure is shown here] works. Some scientists regard creatine as little more than a battery that provides muscle cells with energy and fluid. That's why you gain a couple of kilos of muscle tissue if you take a course of creatine, these scientists claim. Your strength increases in the gym as well, but the effect is temporary. If you stop taking the creatine then the positive effects disappear. But there's a small group of researchers who say that creatine does much more. They say creatine also stimulates the manufacture of muscle tissues.
The researchers did a trial with 27 male students. Of these, 8 did nothing – the control group.


The other 19 students trained for 8 weeks using weights. The students went to the gym three times a week, where they did 6 basic exercises that covered all the major muscle groups: bench-press, lat-pulldown, biceps curl, leg press, knee extension and leg curl. The students trained at 60-70 percent of their 1RM, and did three sets of each exercise. The students rested for no longer than 2 minutes between sets.Half of the students who trained took creatine. In the first week they took a daily 0.3 g creatine per kilo bodyweight, and in the remaining weeks they took a daily 0.05 g creatine per kilogram bodyweight. It doesn't take a genius to work out that the test subjects who trained became more muscular and stronger, and that the creatine supplement enhanced the effect.
The researchers measured the concentration of myostatin in the subjects' blood. Weight training reduced the concentration. And training while using creatine reduced the concentration even further.


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The researchers measured the concentration of the protein growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein-1 [GASP-1]. This protein neutralises myostatin. There's a patent in which researchers describe how synthetic versions of can cause muscle growth by manipulating GASP-1.
[United States Patent 7,192,717] Whatever, the production of GASP-1 increased as a result of strength training and it increased even more in the subjects who combined strength training and creatine supplementation.


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The researchers conclude that creatine doesn't just pump up the muscles temporarily. So creatine is a real anabolic, responsible for increased muscle protein production. "Decreasing myostatin and inhibiting its function by GASP-1 may play an important role in increasing muscle strength and mass by resistance training", they write. "Supplementation with creatine resulted in greater increases in muscle mass and strength, and these improvements were accompanied by more decreased myostatin levels."
Source:
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Apr 12;317(1-2):25-30.
 
Creatine enhances everything, kind of a workhorse supplement in our industry.
 
I’ve always supplemented with creatine definitely has great benefits.
 
sleep you need. And if you do not sleep enough, creatine ensures that you are still alert. This is suggested by an animal study that Markus Dworak, a Harvard University neurologist, published in the Journal of Sleep Research.



Creatine reduces the need for sleep



Needing less sleep

The researchers measured the sleep pattern of a group of lab rats under normal conditions [BL], and did the same a second time after the animals had been given creatine in their food for 4 weeks [Cr].
In the laboratory, the light was on [Light Period] for 12 hours a day and the light was off [Dark Period] for 12 hours. Mice are nocturnal animals and therefore prefer to sleep during the Light Period.
Creatine supplementation reduced the amount of sleep during the Light Period.


Creatine reduces the need for sleep



Less sleepy
In another series of experiments, the researchers kept the rats awake for the first half of the Light Period [SD]. So they built up sleep pressure. The researchers then measured how much the rats slept during the second half of their sleep period [RS].
The researchers did this twice. The one time under normal circumstances, and the second time after 4 weeks of creatine supplementation.
The figure below tells you that creatine reduced the amount of sleep during the second half of the Light Period. Creatine apparently made the test animals less sleepy after a period of sleep deprivation.


Creatine reduces the need for sleep



Taken together, the experiments suggest that creatine supplementation decreases the need for sleep.
Mechanism
The researchers were able to show that supplementation increased the amount of creatine in the brains of the lab rats. As a result, the brain cells apparently have more molecular energy available to repair themselves, and they need less sleep to recover.

New study 2021
Creatine many benefits
 
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