Please Scroll Down to See Forums Below
napsgear
genezapharmateuticals
domestic-supply
puritysourcelabs
Research Chemical SciencesUGFREAKeudomestic
napsgeargenezapharmateuticals domestic-supplypuritysourcelabsResearch Chemical SciencesUGFREAKeudomestic

Fluoride Inhibits Thyroid Function

Future

New member
Fluoride Inhibits Thyroid Function -
Fluoride/Iodine Antagonism in ADHD
© 1997 - 2002 PFPC

see also: Antagonism
http://bruha.com/pfpc/html/thyroid_history.html

1854 - Maumene feeds sodium fluoride to a dog and causes a goitre to
appear [also spelled goiter]. He is the first to consider "fluorides" as
a cause of goiter.

1869 - First experiments with sodium fluoride, showing inhibitory
effects on "glycolysis" [a thyroid hormone - associated event] in
isolated muscle tissue, are published by Nasse.(see also: 1937 Litzka)

1918 - McKay, the dentist who discovered that fluoride causes mottled
teeth, writes in the "Dental Cosmos" that enamel conditions in children
with ‘mottled teeth’ - later to be renamed ‘dental fluorosis’ - are
identical to those reported by Prof. Greves in Holland as being due to
"thyroid dysfunction" (goiter).

1923 - Pighini causes goiters with "fluoride" in rats, dogs and chicken.


1926 - Goldemberg (Argentina) is the first to take medical advantage of
the much-observed iodine-fluoride antagonism. He investigates the areas
then commonly referred to as "goiterous waters"

('Kropfwaesser'), and reviews the work by others (Repin, Gautier,
Clausmann, McCarrison, Parhou and Goldstein, Pighini, Christiani,
Cahages, Houssay, Tappeiner, Schulz, Brandt and Pisotti).

His findings convince him that the world-wide occurrence of goiter and
cretinism is due to excessive fluoride intake from air, food and water.


1927 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) reports that daily intake of 3 mgs
of fluoride in rabbits and rats leads to goiter and cretinism-like
conditions.

1930 - Christiani publishes on the changes in "thyroid function" from
fluoride injections.

[Earlier, in 1925, Christiani and Gautier became the first to use the
term ‘fluorosis’. They called it "La Fluorose" and "Cachexie fluorique",
using these terms to describe "fluoride intoxication" (not yet described
as "dental fluorosis"...), as induced by fluoride emissions from a Swiss
aluminum smelter. LINK]

1932 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) publishes findings on 1500
experiments using fluoride to inhibit thyroid function in mice and
metamorphosis in tadpoles.


1933 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) reports more on fluoride’s effect
on the thyroid.

1937 - Kraft (Knoll AG, Germany) investigates inorganic sodium fluoride
and organic fluoride compounds fluorobenzoic acid and fluorotyrosine and
reports that all fluoride compounds "inhibit" thyroid hormones.

1944 - The editorial in the Journal of the American Dental Association
(JADA) acknowledges that
"...drinking water containing as little as 1.2 to 3ppm of fluorine will
cause such developmental disturbances...as goitre".

1946 - The Atomic Energy Commission (Department of Pharmacology &
Toxicology - headed by Harold Carpenter Hodge, incomprehensibly at the
same time also head of the International Association for Dental Research
(IADR) - acknowledges the German findings that all fluoride compounds -
organic or inorganic -

inhibit thyroid hormone activity,

and declares this issue a research priority.
No further research into this issue is conducted, however.

1948 - Steyn (Africa) finds that fluoride has definite anti-thyroid
effects. He investigates the incidence of endemic goiter in the North
Western Cape Province in South Africa and reports that his findings
“closely agree with the ... 1944 JADA editorial”,

and that goiters are actually 'fluoride-induced'.

1949 - Euler et al. test various organic fluoride compounds and find
again that all organic fluoride compounds "inhibit" thyroid hormone
activity.

1950 - Wilhelm May publishes monograph on the fluoride-iodine
antagonism, including over 300 references, detailing the known
biochemical findings. [Originally slated for publication in 1944, the
lack of paper in Germany prohibits publication until 6 years later.]

1952 - Kraft and Dengel (Germany) investigate yet more
fluorophenyl-derived fluoride compounds, all of which lower BMR.

1952 - In the court case Reynolds Metals Corp vs Paul Martin
"hypothyroidism" *caused* by "fluoride" is documented.

1953 - Wadwhani (India) reports that fluoride concentrated in thyroid
gland of rats consuming 0.9mg F- per day.


1954 - Jentzer (Switzerland) reports that less than normal amounts of
"thyroid hormone" are deposited in the pituitary gland when rabbits are
given fluoride in water -
at levels corresponding to that of artificially "fluoridated" water.

1955 - Benagiano & Fiorentini (Italy) describe the effects of fluoride
on thyroid function.

They find that the farther away from the toxic dose, the longer it takes
for fluoride to cause thyroid changes. (This in accord with May (1950),
who found that although it might take months - “sometimes even a year” -
even low fluoride amounts would always be successful in lowering iodine
levels...May urged the practioner to be patient...)

1955 - Korrodi, Wegmann, Galetti and Held also verify a fluoride -
iodine antagonism, presuming that the fluoride ion pushes out the iodine
in the thyroid gland.

1957 - Galetti et al. treat hyperthyroid patients with fluoride at daily
doses lower than those estimated being the current average intake in the
US,
and document a significant "reduction" in protein-bound iodine, as well
as an overall reduction of iodine and a reduction of "iodine uptake" by
the thyroid gland.

1959 - Jentzer again shows reduced iodine levels in the pituitary gland
under the influence of fluorides.

1960 - Gordinoff and Minder describe the results of experiments with
radioactive iodine (I131) which show that fluorides "remove" an "iodine
atom" duirng the conversion process (T4 to T3).

Effects are dose-responsive, meaning the higher the fluoride intake the
lower the iodine measurements.

1959/1960 - Anbar et al (Israel) report in Nature and other journals
that fluoroborates and other fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormone
transport and "concentrate" in the thyroid gland.

[BTW: The first fluoroborate safety document appeared in 1932!]

1962 - Steyn (Africa) reports that drinking water containing "as little
as 1 to 2 ppm of fluorine can cause serious disturbances of general
health and especially in normal thyroid gland function and in the normal
processes of
calcium-phosphate metabolism (parathyroid function)."

1962 - Spira reports on the fluorine-induced "endocrine disturbances" in
mental illness.

1963 - Gorlitzer von Mundy reports on the [then] current knowledge
gained from experiments with I131 as to how the effects of the "enzyme"
responsible for the
T4 to T3 "conversion" were "inhibited"
if a "fluorine ion"
was "absorbed" before the conversion from T4 to T3 occurs.

1964 - Ritzel reports on disturbances in T4 metabolism in areas with
fluoridated drinking water.

1964 - Steyn (Africa) - again - reviews the “overwhelming evidence” on
the fluoride-iodine antagonism.

(Steyn, Maumene, Euler et al., Wadwhani, Wadwhani and Ramaswamy, Chang
et al., Littich, Benagiano and Fiorentini, Fiorentini, Feltman, De Eds,
Baume and Becks, Orban, Spira, Galetti et al., Gordonoff and Minder,
Wilson, Wespi, Goldemberg, Todd, Coton, Gorlitzer, May, Hodenberg,
Korrodi et al., Christiani, Jentzer, Grab and Overdisse)

1964 - Steyn reports on his detailed 1949-1950 experiments on young
rats, conducted to determine if there was in fact a fluoride-iodine
antagonism.

The experiment, which ran for 12 months, showed that the more severe
the teeth were mottled, the more severe the thyroid dysfunction.

It further showed that iodine supplementation was not likely to prevent
the endemic goitre caused by "excessive fluoride" in drinking water,

and that fluoride intake needed to be reduced.

1969 - Rodesch et al. and Zor et al. independently report that

fluoride "mimicks" TSH.

1969 - Siddiqui show small visible goiters in persons 14 to 17 years of
age in India to be "connected" directly to "high fluoride
concentrations" in drinking water.

1970 - Ahn and Rosenberg confirm that fluoride mimicks TSH.

1970 - Burke documents that TSH and fluoride have additive effects.

1971 - Narbutt et al. show that in rats fed sodium fluoride at 0.1 and 1
mg/day there is an increase in the thyroid weights after 4 weeks,
irrespective of dosage.
Narbutt recommends iodine administration during fluoride prophylaxis.

1972 - Willems et al. document that sodium fluoride "blocks"

thyroid hormone secretion.

1972 - Day and Powell-Jackson study 648 people in 13 mountaineous
regions in Nepal where the iodine content in the water is low and find a
close relationship between fluoride intake and the incidence of goiter.

1976 - Polish researchers Bobek and Kahl document that rats consuming
fluoride in water at 0.1 to 1 mg/day have
"significantly lowered" T4, T3,
and free thyroxine index in plasma.

They ascribe this to an inhibition of thyroid hormone transport by
fluoride.

1976 - Aliev finds that goiter, caries and fluorosis are correlated in
Azerbaijan.

1976 - Orgiazzi et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue in assessing “cold
nodules”.

1978 - In German thyroid medications like "Druesensalbe Fides",
"Strumadragees Fides" and "Strumetten", calcium fluoride and hydrogen
fluoride are still used as ingredients, and listed in the 1978 index of
the German Federal Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry.
("Schilddruesentherapeutika" in "Rote Liste", Bundesverband der
Pharmazeutischen Industrie, e.V., Frankfurt, Germany)

1978 - Maccia et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue (hyperplastic thyroid,
hyperfunctioning follicular carcinoma, “cold” nodules).

1978 - Kalderon & Sheth use fluoride as TSH analogue (“cold” nodules).

1978 - George Waldbott writes that in most cases of "poisoning" from
"fluoridated water" in which he had occasion to study the action of the
thyroid gland,

it's function was low.

He cites a case of a 33-year-old male who exhibited typical
manifestations of pre-skeletal fluorosis and a basal metabolism rate of
-22, indicative of hypothyroidism.

Within three months after the man "ceased consuming"
fluoridated water, the thyroid function had returned to normal (BMR=0).


In addition, Waldbott writes that "simultaneously, other symptoms
associated with low grade fluoride poisoning - including excessive
thirst, headaches, blurred vision, arthritis in shoulders, elbows,
knees, and gastrointestinal disturbances - also disappeared."

[He did not know that the symptoms he ascribed to “low-grade fluoride
poisoning” would likewise be considered symptoms of hypothyroidism some
20 years later.]

See: COMPARISON OF SYMPTOMS: FLUORIDE POISONING/HYPOTHYROIDISM

1979 - Toccafondi et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue in assessing
hyperfunctioning nodules (thyroid toxic adenoma).

1979 - Walinder et al. use fluoride as TSH anlogue to activate human
thyroid tumors (nodules).

1979 - Hillman et al. find that cattle afflicted with fluorosis develop
hypothyroidism.
(Fluorosis here caused by mineral supplements.)

1982 - Mizukami et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue
(adenomatous goiter).

1983 - Sidora et al. find iodine deficiency and "adaptive amplification
of the hypophyseal-thyroid system, not ensuring an absolute compensation
in the citizens using drinking water with an ‘enhanced’ fluorine content
as compared to a ‘decreased’ one, accompanied by an augmented incidence
of functional disturbance".

1983 - Desai et al.(India) report increased incidence of goiter in
endemic fluorosis areas.

1985 - Bachinskii et al. document how fluorides at 2.3 ppm in water
cause tension of function of the pituitary-thyroid system that is
expressed in TSH-elevated production, a decrease in the T3 concentration
[both sure-tell diagnostic signs of hypothyroidism] and more intense
absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid [as in iodine
deficiency].
The results lead to a conclusion that "excess" of fluorine in drinking
water was a risk factor of more rapid development of thyroid pathology.

1985 - Clark and Gerend use fluoride as TSH analogue in human thyroid
cancers.

1988 - Zhao publishes first results of investigations into mutual
interactive effects of fluoride and iodine in goitre and dental
fluorosis.

1988 - Guan et al. report on synergistic effects of iodine deficiency
and fluoride excess in rat thyroid.

1989 - Tokar' and others in a study on workers exposed to fluorides
write that “changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis are caused by
disorders of the regulatory chain and fluorine impact on thyroid
hormones' metabolism at the level of target cells”. (-> G-proteins)

1989 - Ren et al. report more findings on the devastating effects on IQ
of fluoride in low iodine areas.

1991 - Lin Fa-Fu et al. report that a low iodine intake coupled with
"high" (0.88ppm) fluoride intake excaberates the central nervous lesions
and the somatic developmental disturbance of iodine deficiency.

The authors considered the possibility that "excess" fluoride ion
affected normal de-iodination.

Fluorides caused increase of reverse T3 (rT3) and elevated TSH levels,
as well as increased I131 uptake (see: Bachinskii et al, 1985).

1991 - Delemer et al. show that fluoroaluminate (AlF4-) and TSH have
additive effects.

1993 - Brtko et al. find that fluoride inhibits binding of 125I-T3 to
its receptor in rat liver nuclei.

1993 - Desai et al. investigate 22,276 people in India and find dental
fluorosis and goitre significantly and positively correlated.

1994 - Tezelmann et al. report that fluoride, by increasing the
intracellular cAMP concentration, causes desensitization of the thyroid
stimulating hormone receptor (TSHr). No specific thyroid factor(s) other
than increased levels of cAMP are required for TSHr desensitization.

1995 - Balabolkin et al. study the thyroid and immune statuses in
workers continuously exposed to fluorine.

“...T3 is seen reduced in 51% of the workers. The examinees with
'euthyroid condition' had immune disorders with an allergic tendency
(increased number of B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins A).

In workers with subclinical hypothyroidism, the immune alterations were
more evident, T-lymphocytes count rose, but their functional activity
declined, indicating impaired cooperation of immunocytes as a result of
imperfect control under low concentrations of T3." (aberrant G protein
activation).

1996 - Mikhailets et al. also report low T3 levels in workers exposed to
fluorides.

1998 - Zhao et al. conduct an extensive study on mice receiving several
fluoride-iodine combinations in addition to basal diet. He finds that
iodine and fluorine have "mutually interacting" effects on both goiter
and fluorosis in the experimental mice.

1998 - Swarup et al., investigating fluoride-intoxicated cattle near an
aluminum smelter in India, find decreased levels of triiodothyronine
(T3) in the affected animals when compared to normal animals.

1999 - Data by Jooste et al shows that goitre occurrence in
iodine-sufficient areas in Africa is due to fluoride. In 5 out of 6
villages goiter prevalence directly corresponds to fluoride in water,
observable at concentrations even lower than deemed “optimal” for
“caries prevention”.

2001 - Negoita et al. report the increase of acquired hypothyroidism in
the St. Regis Akwesasne Mohawks, a population long known to be poisoned
by fluoride emissions from a Reynolds aluminum smelter.

2001 - 2002 - Gupta et al. (India) and Suketa (Japan) show that in cases
of fluorosis there is hyperparathyroidism, as seen in elevated
parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.

It is now known that elevated PTH levels are caused by the prolonged
elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) levels (i.e. Paloyan et al, 1997).
Fluoride is a TSH analogue. See next item...

2002 - As a result of research into molecular biology there are hundreds
upon hundreds of studies available documenting the actions of fluorides
upon G proteins, the "On" and "Off" switches involved in cellular signal
transmission.

During the 1980s and 1990s fluorides become known as the universal
G-protein activator. Although there have been numerous studies before
showing that fluorides act like TSH, the thyroid-stimulating-hormone -
as seen above -, it can now be documented in deep detail, for it is
known that G proteins in thyroid physiology are normally absolutely
dependent on TSH and are inactive without it.

TSH is the master, sometimes also referred to as the “first violinist in
the orchestra”.

The TSH receptor is the only receptor known able to activate all G
protein families, an activity directly imitated by fluoride.

see also: Tables

Hyperparathyroidism

==================================

REFERENCES:

Ahn CS, Rosenberg IN - "Iodine metabolism in thyroid slices - effects of
TSH, dibutyril cyclic 3',5'-AMP, NaF and prostaglandin E1" Endocrinology
86(2):396-405 (1970)

Aliev Yu M - "Some biogeochemical characteristics of the environment in
Azerbaijan, USSR" Gig Sanit :)103-104 (1976)

Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z -" Effect of monofluorosulphanate,
difluorophosphate, and F borate ions on the iodine uptake of the thyroid
gland" Nature 183:1517 (1959) (also monofluorosulfonate,
difluorophosphate inhibit iodine transport)

Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z- "The accumulation of fluoroborate ions in
thyroid glands of rats" Endocrinology 66:888 (1960)
(-> fluoroborate concentrates in thyroid gland, inhibits iodide
transport)

Bachinskii PP, Gutsalenko OA, Naryzhniuk ND, Sidora VD, Shliakhta AI -
"Action of the body fluorine of healthy persons and thyroidopathy
patients on the function of hypophyseal-thyroid the system" Probl
Endokrinol (Mosk) 31(6):25-9 (1985)
(-> reduced T3, increased TSH and I131 uptake)

Balabolkin MI, Mikhailets ND, Lobovskaia RN, Chernousova NV - "The
interrelationship of the thyroid and immune statuses of workers with
long-term fluorine exposure" Ter Arkh 67(1):41-2(1995)

Benagiano A, Fiorentini S -"Richerche sperimentali e cliniche sui
rapporrti tra fluore e tirodi" Annali di Stomatol 4:3-16(1955)

Bobek S, Kahl S, Ewy Z - "Effect Of Long Term Fluoride Administration on
Thyroid Hormone Levels In Rats" Endocrinol Exp (Bratisl)10:289-295
(1976)

Brtko J, Knopp J, Baker ME - "Inhibition of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine
binding to its receptor in rat liver by protease inhibitors and
substrates" Mol Cell Endocrinol 93(1):81-6 (1993)

Burke G - "Comparison of thyrotropin and sodium fluoride effects on
thyroid adenyl cyclase" Endocrinology 86(2):346-52 (1970)

Casterra H - "Erfahrungen mit einem neuen organischen Fluorpräparat bei
Hyperthyreosen" Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen 2(22):704-705 (1947)
(describes use of Knoll's "K 17" - later named Capacin - in successful
treatment of over 500 hyperthyroid patients. K 17 =>
3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)

Cristiani H - "Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication
fluoree" Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930)

Clark OH, Gerend PL - "Thyrotropin regulation of adenylate cyclase
activity in human thyroid neoplasms" Surgery 97(5):539-46 (1985)

Cristiani H - "Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication
fluoree" Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930)

Day TK, Powell-Jackson PR -"Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic
Goitre" Lancet 1:1135-1138 (1972)

Delemer B, Dib K, Saunier B, Haye B, Jacquemin C, Correze C -
"Alteration of the functional activity of Gs protein in
thyrotropin-desensitized pig thyroid cells" Mol Cell Endocrinol
75(2):123-31 (1991)

Desai VK, Solanki DM, Bansal RK "Epidemiological study of goitre in
endemic fluorosis district of Gujarat" Fluoride 26(3):187-190 (1993)

Desai VK, Saxena DK, Bharsar BS, Kantharia SL - “Health survey of
residents of villages surrounding fluoride mines in relation to their
drinking water fluoride level” Abstracts, 13th Conference ISFR, New
Delhi (1983)

Euler H, Eichler - “Ueber die Wirkung von Fluor in organischer Binding
auf das Zahnsystem der Ratte” Arch exper Path 199:179-187 (1942); also
Dtsch Zahn Hk 9(1) (1942)

Euler H, Eichler O, Hindemith H - "Über die Wirkung einiger organischer
Fluoride bei chronischer Darreichung" Arch exp. Path u Pharmakol.
Bd.206:75-82 (1949), also cited in: Steyn DG - The problem of dental
caries and the fluoridation of public water supplies - Johannisburg
(1958)
(All organic fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid function, all compounds
act on glycogen/liver - activity only differentiated by amplitude)

Galletti PM, Joyet G - "Effect of fluoride on thyroidal iodine
metabolism in hyperthyroidism" J Clin Endocrinol 18:1102-1110 (1958)

Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 13:909 (1913), cited in: Kraft K -"Beiträge zur
Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und
Thyroxin." Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 14:241 (1914); cited in: Kraft K -"Beiträge zur
Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und
Thyroxin." Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

Gedalia I, Brand N -"The relationship of fluoride and iodine in drinking
water in the occurrence of goiter" Arch Int Pharmacodyn 142:312-5 (1963)


Goldemberg L -"Action physiologique des fluorures" Compt Rend Soc
Physiol (Paris) 95:1169 (1926)
(reports a 5 to 6-fold increase in thyroid weight in rats fed 0.9mg
fluoride/day for 8 months)

Goldemberg L - La Semana Med 28:628 (1921) - also cited in Wilson RH,
DeEds F - "The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride Toxicity"
Endocrinology 26:851 (1940)

Goldemberg L - J Physiol et Path 25:1 (1927)

Goldemberg L - "Comment agiraient-ils therapeutiquement les fluoers dans
le goitre exopthalmique et dans l'hyperthyroidisme" Semana Med 39:1659
(1932)

Goldemberg L -"Traitement de la maladie de Basedow et de
l'hyperthyroidisme par le fluor" Presse Méd 102:1751 (1930)

Goldemberg L - Compt Rend Soc Biol (Paris) 104:1031 (1930)

Goldemberg L - Revista de Especialidad, T.V. No.6 (1930)

Gordonoff T (Ed) - "Fluor und die Schilddrüse", Toxikology des Fluors
(Toxicology of fluorine) Symposium, Ber, Oct.15-17 1962, Schwabe Verlag,
Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964)

Gordonoff T, Minder W - "Fluoride and the thyroid gland" in "World
Review of Nutrition and Dietetics" Pitman Medical Co, Vol 2:234-247
(1960)

Gordonoff T, Minder W - "Caries prophylaxis with fluorine as a
physiological problem" Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 82:972-973 (1952)

Gordonoff T - "Zum Fluorproblem" Osterr Z Stomatol 54:561:571 (1957)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Arch f. exper.Path 165 (1932)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - "Die Beinflussung des Stoffwechsels durch die
Halogenwasserstoffsäuren im Tierexperiment, mit besonderer
Berücksichtigung der Fluorwasserstoffsäure" Arch Exp Pathol 165:443- 461
(1932)
(describes his 1500 investigations on fluoride use in inhibition of
metamorphosis in tadpoles, mice experiments, etc., many pictures)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - "Ein neuer Weg zur Behandlung der Thyreotoxikose
mit Fluorwasserstoffsäure" Med Klin 21:&17-719 (1932)
(reports on the first successful use of baths containing HF in the
treatment of hyperthyroidism)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Wien Klin Wschr 48 (1933)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Med. Klin.47:911 (1952), cited in Gorlitzer von
Mundy, V - "Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den Stoffwechsel,
insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse" Münch Med Wochensschr 105:182-186
(1963)

Gorlitzer von Mundy, V - "Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den
Stoffwechsel, insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse" Münch Med Wochensschr
105:182-186 (1963); also in Gordonoff, T. - Fluor und die Schilddrüse,
Toxikology des Fluors Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - J. Physiol.et Path gen 25:1 (1927) (3 mg NaF-
fluoride intake in rabbits and rats results in goiter and cretinism-like
conditions)

Guan ZZ, Zhuang ZJ, Yang PS, Pan S - "Synergistic action of
iodine-deficiency and fluorine-intoxication on rat thyroid" Chin Med J
(Engl) 101(9):679-84 (1988)

Gupta SK, Khan TI, Gupta RC, Gupta AB, Gupta KC, Jain P, Gupta A -
“Compensatory hyperparathyroidism following high fluoride ingestion - a
clinico - biochemical correlation“ Indian Pediatr 38(2):139-46 (2001)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd
=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11224578&dopt=Abstr act

Hatfield JD, Shrewsbury CL, Andrews FN, Doyle LP - "Iodine-fluorine
relationship in sheep nutrition" J Anim Sci 3:71-77 (1944)

Hillman D, Bolenbaugh DL, Convey EM - "Hypothyroidism and anemia related
to fluoride in dairy cattle" J Dairy Sci 62(3):416-23 (1979)

Jonderko G, Kita K, Pietrzak J, Primus-Slowinska B, Ruranska B,
Zylka-Wloszczyk M, Straszecka J - "Effect of subchronic sodium fluoride
poisoning on the thyroid gland of rabbits with normal and increased
supply of iodine" Endokrynol Pol 34(3):195-203 (1983)

Jentzer A -"Action du fluor sur le relais thyroidenhypophysaire
demontree par l'iode 131" Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 10:211-220 (1954)
(Less than normal amounts of thyroid hormone are deposited in the
pituitary gland when rabbits are given fluoride in water at levels
corresponding to that of artificially fluoridated water)

Jentzer, A - "Effet du fluor et du fluor-iod sur la teneur en iode de la
thyroide de lapin" Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 15:412-422 (1959).
(In rabbits fed 0.05mg F- per day [!] iodine content in thyroid was
reduced by 25%. Also showed that the iodine uptake in the pituitary
gland was greatly reduced under the influence of fluoride)

Jooste PL, Weight MJ, Kriek JA, Louw AJ - “Endemic goitre in the absence
of iodine deficiency in
schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South
Africa” Eur J Clin Nutr 53(1):8-12 (1999)

Kalderon AE, Sheth V - "Secretion and adenylate cyclase in thyroid
nodules" Arch Pathol Lab Med 102(7):381-86 (1978)

Kraft K - "Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus
zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin." Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65
(1937)

Kraft K - "Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer Fluorverbindungen"
Knoll Research, Chem Ber. 84(2):150-156 (1951)
(describes manufacturing processes of numerous organic fluorides, after
it was shown that all organic fluoride compounds displayed stronger
anti-thyroid activity than the fluoride ion)

Kraft K, Dengel F - "Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer
Fluorverbindungen, II. Mitteilung" Chem Ber 85(6):577-582 (1952)
(more reports on fluorophenyl/organic fluoride investigations..."in
regards to their characteristics in lowering BMR...")

Lin Fa-Fu, Aihaiti, Zhao Hong-Xin, Lin Jin, Jiang Ji-Yong, Maimaiti, and
Aiken - "The Relationship of a Low-Iodine and High-Fluoride Environment
to Subclinical Cretinism in Xinjiang" ICCIDD Newsletter, Volume 7 Number
3 August (1991)
http://64.177.90.157/science/html/lin_fa-fu.html

Litzka G - "Die experimentellen Grundlagen der Behandlung des Morbus
Basedow und der Hyperthyreose mittels Fluortyrosin" Med Wochenschr
63:1037-1040 (1937)
(discusses the basis of the use of fluorides in anti-thyroid medication,
documents activity on liver, skeletal muscle, inhibition of glycolysis,
etc.)

Litzka G - "Erfolgskontrolle bei Behandlung der
Schilddrüsenüberfunktion" Z. klin. Med.131:791-799 (1937)

Litzka G - "Die antithyreotoxische Wirkung des Fluortyrosins" Arch. exp.
Pathol. u. Pharmakol. 183:436-458 (1936)

Litzka G -"Fluortyrosine" Klin Wochenschr. 15:1568-1569 (1936)

Macchia V, Mandato E, Carella C, Pisano G, Biscaglia G - "The adenylate
cyclase-cyclic cAMP-phosphodiesterase system in pathological human
thyroid" J Endocrinol Invest 1(4):337-45 (1978)

Machioro - Riforma Med p.1436 (1932); Ref. Zbl.68, p.515 (1932); also
cited in Purjesz et al, 1934

Maumené E -"Experiencé pour déterminer l'action des fluores sur
l'economie animale" Compt Rend Acad Sci (Paris) 39:538-539 (1854)

May W - "Antagonismus zwischen Jod und Fluor im Organismus" Klin
Wochenschr 14:790-792 (1935)

May W - "Behandlung the Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich des schweren
genuinen Morbus Basedow mit Fluor" Klin Wochenschr 16:562-564 (1937)

May W - “Eine neue interne Behandlung der Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich
des Morbus Basedow” Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Innere
Medizin, 49. Kongress, Wiesbaden March 15 - 18, 1937, publ. Munich
(1937)

May W - "Die Basedowsche Krankheit" Aulendorf (1950)

May R - "Untersuchungen über den Fluorgehalt des Trinkwasseres in
bayerischen Kropfgebieten verschiedener Endemiestärke" Z. Ges. Exp. Med
107:450 (1940)

May R -"Therapie mit organischen Fluorverbindungen" Med Wochenschr
4:489-490 (1950)

May Richard - "Erfahrungen in der Behandlung von Hyperthyreose- und
Basedow-Kranken mit einer organischen Fluorverbindung
(Fluoroxyphenylessigsäure, 'Capacin')" Deutsche Med.
Wochenschr.74(12):374-375 (1949)
(reviews the highly successful use of organic fluoride compounds
Pardinon and Capacin in treatment of hyperthyroidism - up to 1943
already over 10,000 patients treated...)

May Wilhelm - "Fluor als Therapeuticum" Arzneimittel Forschung 1:33-37
(1951)
(Review on fluoride as a therapeutic agent...discusses fluoride
Goldemberg's 1926 use in treatment of whooping cough (-> Pertussin -
G(i) proteins), Goldemberg's prioneering work in 1928 in the treatment
of hyperthyroidism, etc..., as well as his son's - Richard May -
decision in 1949 to recommened use of fluoride compounds as an
anti-caries prophylaxis...discusses fluoroform as whooping cough
(pertussis) medication, difluorophenyl compounds as wound-disinfectants
such as "Epidermin", another fluorophenyl compound called
"Fluor-rheumin" against rheumatism, etc.)

May H, Litzka G - “Über die Hemmung des Tumorwachstums durch
Fluortyrosine" Z. Krebsforschung 48:376 - 382 (1939)

May W - "Eine neue interne Behandlung der Hyperthyreosen einschließlich
des Morbus Basedow" Diskussionsvortrag, Verhandlungen der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für innere Medizin, 49.Kongress, Wiesbaden, March 15-18,
1937, München(1937)

May W - "Die Behandlung der Hyperthyeosen mit Fluortyrosine" Deutsch Med
Wochenschr 68:164 (1942)

May W, Schwartz E - Fortschr Med 28:9 (1932); also cited in: Kraft K
-"Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I. Über den Antagonismus zwischen
Fluor und Thyroxin" Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

McKay, FS - "Progress of the year in the investigation of mottled enamel
with special reference to its association with artesian water" J Natl
Dental Assn 5:721 (1918)

Mikhailets ND, Balabolkin MI, Rakitin VA, Danilov IP - "Thyroid function
during prolonged exposure to fluorides." Problemy Endokrinologii 42
(1):6-9 (1996)

"Thyroid function was examined in 165 workers of electrolysis shops of
aluminum production with more or less expressed signs of chronic
fluoride intoxication (fluorosis) by radioimmunoassay of hormones and
the test of 131I absorption by the thyroid. The detected thyroid
abnormalities were characterized by a moderate reduction of
iodine-absorbing function of the thyroid, low T3 with normal T4 level,
and a slight increase of TTH concentration. These changes augmented with
longer service and fluorosis progress. Hence, the syndrome of low T3 and
reduced absorption of 131I may be considered as diagnostic signs of
fluorosis. In case of toxic involvement of the liver in fluorosis
patients, low T3 syndrome is observed much more frequently: in 75.6%
cases. Liver abnormalities evidently lead to disorders in the peripheral
conversion of T4 in T3, occurring primarily in liver parenchyma.
Indirect effect of fluorine on the enzymatic system of deiodination
cannot be ruled out as well."
Mizukami Y, Matsubara F, Matsukawa S - "Localization of adenylate
cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in human thyroid follicular
cells" Histochemistry 74(1):9-19(1982)

Monti M, Hedner P, Ikomi-Kumm J, Valdemarsson S - "Erythrocyte
metabolism in hyperthyroidism: a microcalorimetric study on changes in
the Embden-Meyerhof and the hexose monophosphate pathways" Acta
Endocrinol (Copenh) 115(1):87-90(1987)

Narbutt B, Romer TE, Grabski J, Szymik N - "Influence of natrium
fluoride on the structure of the rat thyroid" Endocrynol Pol 22
(5):445-451 (1971)

Nasse O - "Beitraege zur Physiologie der contractilen Substanz"
Pfluegers Archiv fuer Physiologie 2: 97-121 (1869)

Negoita S, Swamp L, Kelley B, Carpenter DO - "Chronic diseases
surveillance of St. Regis Mohawk Health Service patients" J Public
Health Manag Pract 7(1):84-91 (2001)

Orgiazzi J, Chopra IJ, Solomon DH, Williams DE - "Comparison of the
effect of TSH and fluoride on the adenylate cyclase activity of cold
thyroid
nodules" Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 37(2):107-8 (1976)

Orlowski W- "Sur la valeur therapeutique du sang animal du bore et du
fluor dans la maladie de Basedow" La Presse Medicale 42:836-837 (1932)

Paloyan Walker R, Kazuko E, Gopalsami C, Bassali J, Lawrence AM, Paloyan
E - “Hyperparathyroidism associated with a chronic hypothyroid state”
Laryngoscope 1107(7):903-9 (1997)

Pastan I, Macchia V, Katzen R - "Effect of fluoride on metabolic
activity of thyroid slices" Endocrinology 83(1):157-60 (1968)

Phillips PH, English HE, Hart EB - "The influence of sodium fluoride
upon the basal metabolism of the rat under several experimental
conditions" Am J Physiol 113:441-449 (1935)
[First evidence that fluoride mimicks TSH. Also, when 5.2mg of NaF (2.34
F-) was added to diet of rats fed desiccated thyroid, effects were
dramatically potentiated leading to rapid weight loss and death: F- and
thyroid have synergistic effects...]

Phillips PH - "The manifestations of scurvy-like symptoms induced by
ingestion of sodium fluoride"J Biol Chem 100:29 (1933)

Phillips PH - "Further studies on the effects of NaF administration upon
the basal metabolic rate of experimental animals" Am J Physiol
117:155-159(1936)
(F- and thyroid have synergistic effects)

Phillips PH, Edens RJ - "Fluorgehalt d. Schilddrüse in Fällen von
Hyperthyreoase" Madison Diskussion, Biblioth.d Forsch. Knoll (in May,
1950)

Phillips PH, Lamb AR -""Histology of certain organs and teeth in chronic
toxicosis due to fluorine" Arch Path 17:169 (1934)

Phillips PH, English H, Hart NB -"The augmentation of fluorosis in the
chick by feeding desiccated thyroid" J Nutrition 10:399 (1935), cited
in:Harris NO, Hayes RL -"A tracer study of the effects of acute and
chronic exposure to sodium fluoride on the thyroid iodine metabolism of
rats" J Dent Res 34:470-477 (1955)
(F- and thyroid have synergistic effects)

Pighini G -"Il gozzo endemico e la sua etiologia in funzionie
disfunzionitiroidee" Publicato per cura dell'Institute Sieroterapico,
Milano p.41 (1923), also cited in Roholm K - "Fluoride Intoxication,
London, C.K. Clarke and Co, (1937) ( F- inhibits thyroid function/cause
of goiter.)

Purjesz B, Berkessy L, Gönczi K, Kovacs-Oskolas M - "Über die
biologische Speicherung der halogenen Elemente in Hühnereiern und im
tierischen Organismus" Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 176:578-582 (1934)
(describes accumulation of fluoride in chicken eggs; gave such eggs to
Basedow patients and achieved lowering of body temperature, pulse and
BMR, as well as weight gain; found that most of the fluoride was found
in liver; found NO fluoride in the blood of healthy people -> 1934)

Ren DL, Liu Y, An Q - "An investigation of intelligence development of
children aged 8-14 years in high-fluoride and low-iodine areas." Chinese
J of Control of Endemic Diseases 4:251-254 (1989)

Ritzel G - "Thyroxinstoffwechsel und Trinkwasser-fluoridierung" Int Z
Vitaminforsch 34:422-426 (1964)

Reynolds Metals Corp vs. Paul Martin et al - Transcript of Record. US
Court of Appeals, Ninth District, Nos.14990-14992 (1952) (Court case:
Family of three residing near aluminum smelter in Troutdale, Oregon.
Litigation of this case revealed muscular pains, general fatigue,
arthritis in conjunction with liver and kidney damage, and
hypothyroidism.)

Rodesch F, Neve, P, Willems C, Dumont JE - "Stimulation of thyroid
metabolism by thyrotropin, cyclic 3',5'-AMP, dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-AMP
and prostaglandin E1" Eur J Biochem 8(1):26-32 (1969)

Schwarz - Med. Klin. 5 (1941);cited in May, 1950

Siddiqui AH - “Incidence of Simple Goiter in Areas of Endemic Fluorosis
in Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India” Fluoride 2 (4):pages 192 -
249 (1969)

Sidora VD, Shliakhta AI, Iugov VK, Kas'ianenko AS, Piatenko VG -
"Indices of the pituitary-thyroid system in residents of cities with
various fluorine concentrations in drinking water" Probl Endokrinol
(Mosk) 29(4):32-5 (1983)

Spira L - "Fluorine-induced endocrine disturbances in mental illness"
Folia Psychiat Neurol Jap 16:4-14 (1962) NLM CIT. ID: 62182027

Suketa Y - “Fundamental and applied studies on transport and metabolism
of electrolytes and glucose--aim to contact with molecular biology”
Yakugaku Zasshi 122:)507-25 (2002)

Steyn DG - “Water poisoning in man and animal, together with a
discussion on urinary calculi” Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Animal Ind
12:167-230 (1939)

Steyn DG - "Fluoride and endemic goitre" S Afr Med J 22:525-526 (1948)

Steyn DG, Kieser J, Odendaal WA, Malherbe MA, Synan HW, Sunkel W, Naude
CP, Klintworth H, Fisher E - "Endemic goitre in the Union of South
Africa and some neighbouring territories" Pretoria:Union of South
Africa, Department of Nutrition (March 1955)

Steyn DG - "The problem of dental caries and the fluoridation of public
water supplies" Johannisburg (1958)

Steyn DG - "Chronic fluorine poisoning caused by the drinking of
subterranean waters containing excessive quantities of fluorine" in:
Gordonoff, T. - Fluor und die Schilddrüse, Toxikology des Fluors
Basel/Stuttgart (1964)

Steyn DG - “Once More - Fluoridation” Review
Chief Research Officer, Division of Life Sciences, Atomic Energy Board,
Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, (Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology,
University of Pretoria) University of Pretoria NUWE REEKS No.24 (1964)

Swarup D, Dwivedi SK, Dey S, Ray SK - "Fluoride intoxication in bovines
due to industrial pollution" Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 68
(7):605-608 (1998), also in Fluoride 31(4):225(1998)


Tezelman S, Shaver JK, Grossman RF, Liang W, Siperstein AE, Duh QY,
Clark OH - "Desensitization of adenylate cyclase in Chinese hamster
ovary cells transfected with human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor"
Endocrinology 134(3):1561-9 (1994)
(Fluorides cause insensitization (decreased response) of the TSH
receptor).

Toccafondi RS, Rotella CM, Tanini A, Fani P, Arcangeli P -
"Thyrotrophin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity in thyroid toxic
adenoma" Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 92(4):658-68 (1979)

Todd - Practioner 129:2 (1932), also cited in May, 1950

Tokar' VI, Voroshnin VV, Sherbakov SV - "Chronic effects of fluorides on
the pituitary-thyroid system in industrial workers" Gig Tr Prof Zabol
(9):19-22 (1989)

Tokar' VI, Savchenko ON - "Effect of inorganic fluorine compounds on the
functional state of the pituitary-testis system" Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)
23(4):104-7 (1977)

Travbesli M, Guermazi F, Zeghal N - "Effect of fluoride on thyroid
function and cerebellar development in mice"
Fluoride 34(3):165-173 (2001) FULL TEXT

Wadhwani TK -"Metabolism of Fluoride. Absorption, retention,
distribution and elimination of fluorine and its effect on the Vitamin C
content of different tissues, and on the iodine content of thyroids of
rats and monkeys" J Indian Inst Sci (35)354-362 (1953)
Fluoride concentrated in thyroid gland of rats consuming 0.9mg F- per
day.

Waldbott, GL; Burgstahler, AW; McKinney, HL - "Fluoridation:The Great
Dilemma" Coronado Press (1978)

Walinder O, Karlsson FA, Dahlberg PA - "Adenyl cyclase activity in human
thyroid plasma membranes from normal human thyroid tissue and thyroid
adenomas" Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 92(1):95-104 (1979)

Wespi HJ - "Besteht ein Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Jod?" Praxis
43:616-623 (1954)
(Wespi found both dental fluorosis and goitre in the same patients in
Campagnano di Roma and Casamicciola...)

Willems C, Van Sande J, Dumont JE- "Inhibition Of Thyroid Secretion By
Sodium Fluoride (In Vitro)" Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 264:197-204
(1972)

Wilson RH, DeEds F -"The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride
Toxicity" Endocrinology 26:851 (1940)

Wilson DC -"Fluorine in aetiology of endemic goitre" Lancet I:211-213
(1941)

Yang Y, Wang X, Guo X - "Effects of high iodine and high fluorine on
children's intelligence and the metabolism of iodine and fluorine" Chung
Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih 15(5):296-8 (1994)

Zhao W, Zhu H, Yu Z, Aoki K, Misumi J, Zhang X - "Long-term Effects of
Various Iodine and Fluorine Doses on the Thyroid and Fluorosis in Mice"
Endocr Regul 32(2):63-70 (1998)
Full Text

Zhao WY -"A preliminary study of the interaction of iodide and fluoride
in experimental iodide-goiter and fluorosis" Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh
Tsa Chih 22(3):146-8 (1988)

Zor U, Kaneko T, Lowe IP, Bloom G, Field JB - "Effect of
thyroid-stimulating hormone and prostaglandins on thyroid adenyl
cyclaseactivation and cyclic adenosin 3'-5'-monophosphate." J Biol Chem
244(19):5189-95. (1969)
================================================== ===================
Exploring the link between FLUoride and FLUoxetine further
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The Prozac Connection
http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0...233560,00.html

A Kick in the Teeth

It was hailed as a harmless chemical that would prevent tooth decay. But
a new book claims that fluoride could be linked to serious health
problems.

Bob Woffinden
Tuesday June 8, 2004

The Guardian

A 50-year-old medical controversy is about to be re-ignited. The
government is considering the introduction of further fluoridation
schemes throughout the country. To facilitate that, the Water Act passed
last November indemnified water companies from civil or criminal actions
as a result of
adding fluoride to public water supplies.

Fluoridation was first advanced in the United States at the end of the
second world war. Proponents argued that fluoride in water and
toothpaste would help to protect teeth and prevent decay. It was a time
of scientific evangelism, when chemicals meant progress and the public
trusted them to bring about a safer, cleaner future.

Throughout the 1950s and 60s, fluoride was added to public water
supplies not just across the US but also in Britain. The areas now
served by the Severn Trent, Northumbrian and Anglian water companies are
fluoridated, mainly those in the West Midlands and Tyneside - about 10%
of the UK population. Much of the Republic of Ireland has been
fluoridated since 1964...

As dental health rapidly improved during those decades, so the benefits
of fluoridation were held to be incontestable. However, with better diet
and treatment, dental health was improving across the western world,
irrespective of fluoridation.

Recent studies of communities in Finland, Cuba, Canada and east Germany
have found that rates of dental decay did not
rise (and, indeed, continued to decline) after fluoridation was
abandoned.
Fluoridation today is largely restricted to English-speaking countries.

Many believe that the effects of fluoride on teeth, beneficial or
otherwise, are irrelevant; what matters is the accumulating research
evidence that fluoride may have serious adverse health effects.

However, the government wanted to extend fluoridation schemes,
ostensibly to benefit those in poorer areas. So, it set up the York
Review to allow leading scientists to examine the issue. One of the
review's conclusions in September 2000 was that there had been
"surprisingly" little research into fluoride's harmful effects, and
emphasised the need for "high-quality research", specifically into the
possible links between fluoride and "infant mortality, congenital
defects and IQ".

A subsequent inquiry into fluoridation by the Medical Research Council
recommended an updated analysis of data on fluoride and cancer rates,
but concluded that "there is no evidence for any significant health
effects on
the immune system, or reproductive and developmental (birth) defects and
no specific research is recommended, although it is appropriate to keep
the area under review."

Now, a new book, The Fluoride Deception by Christopher Bryson, just
published in the US, examines the background of the fluoridation debate.


Bryson, who has had the advantage of access to recently declassified
files, concludes that fluoridation is a triumph not of medical science
but of US government spin, adding that, "The very same professionals and
institutions who told us that fluoride was safe said much the same about
lead, asbestos
or DDT, or persuaded us to smoke more cigarettes."

In fact, in the 1930s, the very first researcher into fluoride, a Dane
called Kaj Roholm, specifically advised against exposing children to
fluoride, but his work was soon buried. Bryson links the subsequent
"discovery" that fluoride benefited teeth with research paid for by
major US
industries that needed to be able to defend "lawsuits from workers and
communities poisoned by industrial fluoride emissions".

In 1955, farmers in Oregon took Reynolds Metals to court, alleging harm
from fluoride emissions.


The key medical experts for the farmers were Donald
Hunter, an English specialist in industrial diseases, who told the court
that fluoride was particularly dangerous because it was "an enzyme
poison"; and Dr Richard Capps from Chicago,

who gave evidence that fluoride "displaced" iodine in the body, thus
leading to "thyroid dysfunction".

The farmers won a sensational victory, and US industrialists were
shaken. Dr Robert Kehoe, whose work was funded by major US companies,
resolved - according to Bryson
- to create a new medical orthodoxy that would be unassailable in future
court cases. Kehoe set up an experiment with beagles, with the dogs
breathing in fluoride.

The results were alarming, and showed that fluoride travelled rapidly
from the lungs into the blood stream, causing significant
harm. Lawyers for major US companies received copies of the dog study;
needless to say, it went no further. Until Bryson found it, no one knew
of its existence.

The drive to encourage public acceptance of fluoride was handed over to
Edward Bernays, known as the father of PR, or the original spin doctor,
and
the man who helped persuade women to take up smoking.

"You can get
practically any idea accepted," Bernays explained, "if doctors are in
favour. The public is willing to accept it because a doctor is an
authority
to most people, regardless of how much he knows or doesn't know."

Among the things that the doctors who endorsed fluoridation didn't know,
according to Bryson, were that research impugning fluoride's safety was
either suppressed or not conducted in the first place.

When one doctor
reported that fluoride supplements produced harmful side-effects in
pregnant women, he received no funding to carry out further work.

So fluoride became equated with scientific progress, and those opposing
it
were dismissed as cranks. For 30 years, little changed, with both sides
in their entrenched positions.

Yet putting fluoride into the water supply - at what the Department of
Health considers to be the "safe" level of one part per million - would,

according to opponents in the UK, appear to ignore some important
considerations. First, they say it does not allow for individual
sensitivities to fluoride. Second, those suffering dietary deficiencies,
who may be low in calcium, magnesium and essential nutrients (in other
words,
the poor and those in ill-health), will be more vulnerable to fluoride's
toxic properties. Third, the level of fluoride in the water supply is no
indication of an individual's actual exposure. Those in certain
professions
- for example, labourers or athletes - will take in more water, and
therefore more fluoride.

Also, there is regular exposure from other sources - fluoride
toothpaste, of course, as well as pesticide residues and
pharmaceuticals. In 1994, the World Health Organisation recommended that
public health administrators
should be aware of "the total fluoride exposure in the population". In
fact, in Britain during the past 30 years, anti-fluoridation campaigners
claim that the public's overall exposure to fluoride has become much
greater,
while the government's ostensible "safe" limit has remained exactly the
same.

They say that two of the major concerns in childhood development today
could be explained by fluoride.

If it interferes with the central nervous system,
as some studies have shown, then that could help to explain the growing
prevalence of "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder".

There is also concern that fluoride "displaces" iodine in the human
body.

Iodine is essential for normal functioning of the thyroid gland. If
fluoride, by displacing iodine, does inhibit thyroid activity, then that

would lead to weight gain and obesity.

Moreover, iodine is essential for brain development.

There are now epidemiological studies from China that link fluoride
exposure with lower IQ
levels. After Dr Phyllis Mullinex, a leading neurotoxicologist in
Boston, had carried out work on rats, she reported that fluoride was
likely to lead to lower IQs. She was fired.

Bryson believes that what has made fluoride so impervious to criticism
so
far is not just the PR offensive, but also - paradoxically - fluoride's
overall "toxicity".

Unlike chemicals that have a signature effect (like the
mesothelioma caused by asbestos), fluoride is, he says, "a systemic
poison,
likely to produce a range of health problems", so that its effects are
harder to diagnose.

"We've known about all this for a long time," says Jane Jones of the
National Pure Water Association, which campaigns against fluoride, "now
I hope the wider public will sit up and take notice".

There are many in the UK who support the fluoridation of our water
supply, among them Ian Wylie, chief executive of the British Dental
Association, who
argued in this paper recently: "Scientific opinion worldwide is that
low-dose fluoride has a beneficial effect on oral health. In America,
almost
two-thirds of the population has drunk water with fluoride, without a
problem, for decades."
The government has promised that no further fluoridation schemes will be
implemented without public consultations beforehand. The debate is
likely to be fierce and prolonged.

.. The Fluoride Deception is available in this country through
Turnaround Distributors.

Links: Bfsweb.org
Fluoridealert.org
Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004
 
Hmm i wonder how much fluoride is in my water? The only other thing is mouth wash but, the fluoride in mouthwash your not really ingesting.
 
This is a whole lotta weak sauce. The water in my home town was heavily fluoridated. So much so my teeth are mottled, with darkish grey kinda spots and slivers, which is the fluoride.


cheers!
JK
 
I found that pretty interesting. Hadn't heard of it before... luckily we have well water here! :)
 
Interesting stuff Future. Where the hell do you dig this stuff up man!?

I was recently informed by my children's dentist that our water is not fluoridated and that we should "supplement" the fluoridation. Advice I well ignored apparently. :D
 
Back
Top Bottom