Even Robert Tan, M.D., who happens to be the creator and manager of the Houston-based OPAL (Optimal Aging and Longevity) Medical Clinic, which focuses on male health and longevity, has stated that “Public policy and public opinion have been based on people who use steroids in larger amounts”[23]. In general, the steroids statistics where harm and fatalities of anabolic steroid users are concerned is very difficult to quantify due to the fact that first of all, anabolic steroids in general are not acutely lethal enough to land significant amounts of users in the hospital emergency rooms (compared to other drug type abuse). The second reason is because the majority of deaths or severe harm to health of known anabolic steroid users have almost always been accompanied with other contributing factors that often play a greater role in the individual’s death or harm than anabolic steroids alone, and these include:
- The individual’s personal history of any medical problems (congenital or otherwise).
- Any unknown underlying medical indications.
- The abuse of other illicit substances (cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, alcohol, etc.).
- Various other factors of outside influence.
To date, there has never been a single death in history attributed solely to anabolic steroids whereby the coroner upon examination of the deceased’s body has marked the cause of death as anabolic steroids.
Medical References:
[1] “A short doping history”. Anti-Doping Hotline. Archived from the original on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
[2] “A Brief History of Drugs in Sport” by Charlie Francis
[3] Current concepts in anabolic-androgenic steroids. 8.Evans, N. A. Am. J. Sports Med. 32:534-542, 2004.
[4] “Use of doping agents, in particular anabolic steroids, in sports and society”. Sjöqvist F, Garle M, Rane A (May 2008). Lancet 371 (9627): 1872–82. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60801-6. PMID 18514731.
[5] “Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in the United States”.Yesalis CE, Kennedy NJ, Kopstein AN, Bahrke MS (1993). JAMA 270 (10): 1217–21. doi:10.1001/jama.270.10.1217. PMID 8355384.”
[6] A league of their own: demographics, motivations and patterns of use of 1,955 male adult non-medical anabolic steroid users in the United States. Cohen, J.; Collins, R.; Darkes, J.; Gwartney, D. (2007). Feedback 4: 12. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-4-12. PMC 2131752. PMID 17931410. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2131752/.
[7] Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Survey of 500 Users. Andrew B. Parkinson, Nick A. Evans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(4):644-651.
[8] Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men. Shalender A, Woodhouse Let al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281: el172-81 (2001).
[9] Metabolic effects of nandrolone decanoate and resistance training in men with HIV. Sattler et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: e1214-22.
[10] A study of 100 anabolic-androgenic steroid users. Copeland J, Peters R, Dillon P (March 1998). Med. J. Aust. 168 (6): 311–2. PMID 9549549.
http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/mar16/copeland/copeland.html.
[11] Trends in non-medical use of anabolic steroids by U.S. college students: Results from four national surveys. McCabe SE, Brower KJ, West BT, Nelson TF, Wechsler H (2007). Drug and alcohol dependence 90 (2–3): 243–51. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.004. PMC 2383927. PMID 17512138. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2383927/.
[12] Hormonal doping and androgenization of athletes: a secret program of the German Democratic Republic government. Franke WW, Berendonk B. Clin Endocrinol. 2001 Jun 10;178(1-2):215-20.
[13] The results of short-term (6 months) high-dose testosterone treatment on bone age and adult height in boys of excessively tall stature. Bramswig JH, von Lengerke HJ et al. Eur J Pediatr. 1988 Nov;148(2):104-6.
[14] JAMA 1988 Dec 16;260(23):3441-5.
[15] Am J Dis Child. 1990 Jan;144(1):99-103.
[16] J Sch Nurs. 2005 Dec;21(6):333-9.
[17] Anabolic steroid usage in athletics: facts, fiction, and public relations. Berning JM, Adams KJ, Stamford BA. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Nov;18(4):908-17.
[18] The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids by Canadian students. Melia P, Pipe A, Greenberg L. Clin J Sport Med. 1996 Jan;6(1):9-14.
[19] “‘Roid Warrior: Bob Clapp believes those who hate anabolic steroids are a bunch of scrawny puritanical dimwits”. Robert Nelson. Phoenix NewTimes News. Thursday, Aug 15 2002 .
http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/2002-08-15/news/roid-warrior/. Retrieved 3/6/2013.
[20] Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with recreational anabolic steroid use. Gorayski P, Thompson CH, Subhash HS, Thomas AC. Br J Sports Med. 2008 Jan;42(1):74-5; discussion 75.
[21] Bodybuilder death steroids warning. Express and Star 2009 09/04. Epub.
www.expressandstar.com
[22] Enzyme induction by oral testosterone. Johnsen SG, Kampmann JP, Bennet EP, Jorgensen F. 1976 Clin Pharmacol Ther 20:233-237
[23] “Roid Rave: Steroids, They Do A Body Good?”. Jordan Heller. May 03, 2009.
http://thefanzine.com/roid-rave-steroids-they-do-a-body-good/ . Retrieved 3/6/2003.
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